White Rock Lake Park: Timeline

This timeline has been divided into four eras:

BEFORE THERE WAS A LAKE: Prior to 1910

A WATER SUPPLY FOR DALLAS: 1910-1929

THE PEOPLES' PLAYGROUND: 1929-1958

AN URBAN OASIS: 1959 - Present

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Before There Was A Lake (Prior to 1910)

1841	John Neely Bryan establishes a trading post on the Trinity River, six miles west of White Rock Creek.
1842	Pioneers begin settling in what is now Dallas County. James Beeman observes massive herd of bison in White Rock Creek valley. Native Americans and white settlers clash.
1847	Some men belonging to White Rock area families volunteer for service in the Mexican War, serving under Col. Jack Hays.
1848	Cox cemetery established on what is now west side of White Rock Lake. First burial is infant daughter of Solomon and Lydia Dixon, for whom Dixon Branch is named.
1891	Jacob Buhrer establishes a dairy on land that is mostly now under water, near present-day dam and spillway.
Through 1909	Area near present-day lake, surrounded by farms and ranches, takes on a rural character. Three small rural communities--Fisher (a.k.a. Calhoun), Reinhardt, and Little Egypt-- established nearby.

A Water Supply For Dallas (1910-1929)

1909-1910	A severe drought prompts city commissioners to consider building a reservoir on White Rock Creek.
January 11, 1910	As the drought continues, city commissioners formally adopt plan for White Rock reservoir.
January 16, 1910	First advertisements for bids to build a dam and spillway are published in Dallas, Houston, and St. Louis newspapers.
March 7, 1910	Fred A. Jones Company of Dallas awarded contract to build dam and spillway on White Rock Creek.
May 24, 1910	Shortly after construction of White Rock dam commences, Halley's Comet becomes visible in the sky over Dallas.
November 15, 1910	Seven workmen injured in derrick accident at White Rock dam construction site.
1911	In his "City Plan for Dallas," urban planner George E. Kessler recommends that all city land around White Rock reservoir "be retained in public hands and used for park purposes."
September 1, 1911	Daily Dallas Times Herald reports that White Rock Dam is completed (except for upstream guard of the spillway and sluiceway) and that the reservior already contains 800,000,000 gallons of water.
September 23, 1911	The Dallas Morning News reports "The Board of City Commissioners yesterday [formally] accepted White Rock reservoir, which has been completed by the Fred A. Jones Company."
October 7, 1911	Beneath a tent erected beside the dam, Fred A. Jones hosts a luncheon for 143 civic leaders to celebrate completion of the work.
1913	Dallas' first chlorinated water dispensed by White Rock pump station.
1914	White Rock Lake is completely full for the first time. City establishes a nursery on land beside lake "to supply trees and shrubs for the park system."
April 3, 1917	Joe E. Lawther elected Mayor of Dallas. At the same time, voters approve fishing at White Rock Lake.
1917-1919	During Lawther's term of office, prisoners from Dallas city jail are used to build a gravel road around White Rock Lake.
1918	Kessler's second plan repeats his previous recommendation regarding land around White Rock Lake.
1921	Work begins on new filtration plant.
1923	Road encircling lake is named Lawther Drive, in honor of former mayor; new filtration plant, built at cost of $381,000 put into operation.
October 4, 1924	Work begins on new reservoir for Dallas, at Garza in neighboring Denton County.
October 9, 1925	Opening exercises of the new Texas & Pacific Clubhouse are held at Roxana Point (now called Tee Pee Hill).
Labor Day, 1926	First sailboat race held on White Rock Lake. Four boats entered but only one finished.
1928	Dallas Sailing Club, the lake's first, opens on western shore. (Moves to eastern shore in 1933.)
August 1928	City Water Commissioner, Col. S. E. Moss, ignites controversy when he proposes a "Coney Island" style amusement park for White Rock Lake.
April 9, 1929	A speedboat accident results in city ordinance requiring life jackets to be carried all boats on White Rock Lake.
April 1929	In a run-off election, "Hot Dog" candidate J. Waddy Tate, an outspoken advocate of providing public recreational facilities at White Rock Lake, is elected mayor of Dallas.
1929	Lake Dallas (now Lake Lewisville) completed. City stops using White Rock Lake for water supply.
December 13, 1929	White Rock Lake Park created. Lakeside hunting comes to end since it is against the law to discharge a firearm within the city limits.

The People's Playground (1929-1958)

1930	City Park Board establishes a Fish Hatchery at White Rock Lake, at a cost of $23,700.
January 7, 1930	Park Board approves plans for the development of White Rock Lake as a public park, complete with sand bathing beach and a bath house on the eastern shore of the lake, as well as a municipal boathouse for speedboats on western shore.
February 24, 1930	Sheriff Hal Hood leads deputies on a raid on a house near White Rock Lake, where "moonshiners" operated a 500-gallon whiskey still.
Spring 1930	In editorials and an editorial cartoon, The Dallas Morning News opposes any "Coney Island" style amusements for White Rock Lake Park.
April 26, 1930	Responding to a letter from a concerned citizen, Park Board Member Hugh January publicy assures the public that the board does not plan to erect "Coney Island" style amusements at White Rock Lake, stating that only a boathouse, a beach and bathhouse, and a golf course are to be built.
June 1, 1930	17,000 people line the shore of White Rock Lake to watch speedboat races.
June 2, 1930	The Dallas Morning News reports that six picnic areas and playgrounds at White Rock Lake Park will soon be open to the public.
July 4, 1930	The Daily Dallas Time Herald reports that F. W. Day has been awarded a contract for a motorboat sightseeing concession at White Rock Lake. Half-hour rides in the ten-passenger clippers will cost 50 cents per person, with the city receiving 20 percent of Day's revenues.
July 13, 1930	The Daily Dallas Times Herald sponsors a Dally Boat Club regatta.
August 9, 1930	Mayor Tate attends opening of Bath House and Bathing Beach on lake's eastern shore. Street car line extended to western shore, where fleet of speedboats are available to transport swimmers from new boathouse to new bathing beach.
1931	Dallas Sailing Club formally organized.
1931	Park Board lifts ban on "aquaplaning," causing a surge in surfboard orders at local sporting goods stores.
June 7, 1931	A feature article in the The Daily Dallas Times Herald includes a photograph of picnickers enjoying the stone tables at the Dixon Branch area of White Rock Lake Park.
1931	Dallas Sailing Club formally chartered.
April 9, 1932	J. M. Martin's Silver Spray reportedly becomes first snipe boat launched at White Rock Lake (another source credits Bill Crosby, who reportedly sailed a snipe on the lake as early as 1930).
October 2, 1932	Dallas Sailing Club hosts first annual Texas Championship Regatta at White Rock Lake. Meredith Ellis of Fort Worth won the men's championship and Helen Harris of Dallas won the women's competition.
December 7, 1933	Dallas Sailing Club's clubhouse on eastern shore, located in a former restaurant, burns to the ground following a going-away party for Commodore Hub Isaacks.
January 10, 1934	While "stunting" over the lake and surrounding area, a small private airplane crashes into the water near Garland Road and East Lawther Drive, killing the pilot and two passengers, and narrowly missing fishermen. The dead are identified as Oscar Poynter, age 40, Jack Binion, age 24, and Walter A. "Tige" Flowers, age 31, pilot and owner of the aircraft.
1934	Using CWA (Civil Works Administration) money and workers, city constructs a picnic pavilion at Stone Tables. A bridle path is also constructed at White Rock Lake Park as well as a dance pavilion, costing more than $5,000, near the bathing beach. Throughout the summer of 1934, Babe Lowry and her "Rhythm Sweethearts," an all-girl band, entertain lake visitors nightly except Sundays when they perform an two hour afternoon concert. By Labor Day, admission receipts to the pavilion total more than $4,000.
1935	City discontinues use of the "Pea Patch," a prison farm located on western shore of lake, where non-violent offenders worked off fines at a rate of $1 per day by picking up litter along lake shore and cutting weeds. White Rock Lake Fish Hatchery conveyed to Texas Game, Fish and Oyster Commission in exchange for fish hatchery at Fair Park. An automobile, fitted with an "electrolytic carburetor," invented by Charles H. Garrett and his father, Henry "Dad" Garrett, is filmed by Pathé News being fueled with water from White Rock Lake.
August 8, 1935	The Civilian Conservation Corps establishes a camp, designated SP-55-TX, at Winfrey Point. A week later the first recruits arrive to form Company 2896. Over the next seven years, some 3,000 CCC workers plant trees and build a variety of permanent improvements around the lake including the overlook and picnic pavilion at Flag Pole Hill and recreation buildings at Winfrey Point, Big Thicket and Sunset Bay.
1936	City Park Board recovers use of White Rock Lake Fish Hatchery from State in exchange for $1,454 and "accumulated salvage pipe for state use in constructing a new hatchery at Lake Dallas."
September 15, 1937	First major desilting of White Rock Lake commences using a $31,973 dredge named the "Joe E. Lawther." Over the next three and a half years in excess of 500,000 tons of sediment will be removed and 90 acres of land reclaimed.
November 17, 1937	After springing leaks, the "Joe E. Lawther" dredge sinks in six feet of water at Dixon's Branch.
1938	For $69,000, oil magnate H. L. Hunt purchases Mount Vernon, an estate on the lake's western shore that resembles George Washington's Virginia home.
April 1938	After a Galveston diver refloats the "Joe E. Lawther," dredging of the lake resumes.
1939	Corinthian Sailing Club formally chartered.
1939	Geophysicist Everett L. DeGolyer builds Rancho Encinal on lake's eastern shore, site of today's Dallas Arboretum.
July 1939	City of Dallas orders demolition of eleven White Rock Lake private fishing shacks.
1940	Use of prisoners to work off fines by cleaning up lake shore temporarily re-instituted.
January 1940	The entire surface of White Rock Lake freezes over for the first time.
1941	First dredging of lake comes to an end.
1941	Floods in the vicinity of White Rock spillway uncover two ancient Indian graves.
March 1941	Park Director L. B. Houston announces plans to stock city parks with grey squirrels because "this variety becomes tame readily and will be of more benefit from the recreational angle than the red squirrels now found in some parks."
January 15, 1942	Civilian Conservation Corps Co. 2896 ceases operations at White Rock Lake Park.
February 25, 1942 - mid-1943	U.S. Army Fifth Ferrying Command operates a temporary "boot camp" at former C.C.C. campsite.
November 16, 1944 - October 1945:	Approximately 300 German P.O.W.s imprisoned at former C.C.C. and Army camp. Most volunteer to work at Fair Park Centennial Building, repairing army supplies.
1946	The Bonnie Barge, a floating dance hall, begins operating on the lake.
April 14, 1946	The Dallas Morning News reports that the Dallas Sailing Club will be enlarging its clubhouse.
June 17, 1946	On a sweltering summer day, White Rock Bathing Beach is overwhelmed by some 10,000 patrons.
1946-1947	Faced with a student housing shortage, SMU uses the old barracks buildings at the former CCC-POW camp site as temporary housing for about 250 of its students, many of who are veterans attending classes on the G.I. Bill.
1947	A 75 lb. catfish, caught inside a sunken boat, is donated to the Dallas Aquarium. City of Dallas begins demolishing, relocating, or selling surplus buildings at old CCC-POW camp site.
January 22, 1951	The Dallas Morning News reports that 100 new picnic tables and benches have been placed in White Rock Lake Park. The paper also noted that the bathing beach was being enlarged and that 15 acres of wooded land were being cleared "to make the space available to the public."
March 1951	Former German P.O.W. at Camp White Rock Lake writes letter to The Dallas Morning News, expressing desire to emigrate to Texas and seeking a sponsor.
1951	The last remaining CCC-POW barracks building is damaged by a dynamite blast. Police suspect college pranksters. Shortly afterward, the building is demolished by the Park Dept.
April 1952	En route to Indiana from Fort Hood, hundreds of U.S. Army soldiers bivouac at White Rock Lake for several days.
September 1, 1952	White Rock Bathing Beach is open for the last time. When a drought forces the City of Dallas to use the lake as a water supply, swimming is temporarily banned.
1953:	The ghostly "Lady of the Lake" legend included in Frank X. Tolbert's book Neiman Marcus, Texas.
1953-1954	During the drought, swimming in White Rock Lake continues to be banned. The ban eventually becomes permanent.
1955-1956	Lake is dredged for second time. Over 15,000 cubic yards of sediment removed.
1958	City passes ordinance forbidding boats with engines larger than 10.5 horsepower on the lake. Bonnie Barge stops operatiing.

An Urban Oasis (1959-Present)

1961	White Rock Boat Club formed.
1964	White Rock pump station closes.
1965	Causeway built, connecting Mockingbird Lane and Peavy Road, on lake's northern shore.
November 1966	City of Dallas work crews remove catwalk over spillway.
1968	"Mars Needs Women," a movie filmed in Richardson, downtown Dallas, Fair Park, and White Rock Lake is released.
March 6, 1971	First White Rock Marathon held.
1974	Lake dredged for third time.
1976	Dallas Arboretum & Botanical Garden, at former DeGolyer Estate, is opened.
1978	Improvements made to White Rock dam.
1979	Park Board divides Lawther Drive into four sections, making it impossible to drive around lake in one continuous direction.
August 1981	Old Bath House converted into Bath House Cultural Center.
1989	White Rock pump station renovated.
1990	Park Board adopts master plan for White Rock Lake Park improvements. The Friends of White Rock Lake, a non-profit organization, is formed.
1994	Series of articles in Dallas Morning News alert public to serious sedimentation problem at White Rock Lake.
1995	With the approval of the Park Board Task Force, the Friends of White Rock Lake becomes the White Rock Lake Foundation. For The Love Of The Lake (FTLOTL, a grassroots activist organization is formed.
1996	Dredging of lake begins. This website, "Scenic White Rock Lake," goes online.
1998	Dredging completed; White Rock Sailing Club disbanded.
June 8, 2001	Off-leash dog park opens at Mockingbird Point.
Sept. 24, 2001	DART's White Rock station opens on site of old Knights of Columbus hall.
April 17, 2004	Statue honoring CCC enrollees, funded by For The Love Of The Lake, dedicated at Sunset Bay. Several former enrollees attend event.
September 18, 2004	White Rock Lake Museum opens in Bath House Cultural Center.
March 19, 2006	Large sections of the spillway retaining wall collapse during heavy spring rains.
September 30, 2006	Texas Historical Commission marker (funded by FTLOTL), commemorating the site of the CCC and POW camp near Winfrey Point is formally dedicated in conjunction with the annual national reunion of the CCC Alumni.
October 23, 2006	The Dreyfuss Club burns to the ground.
October 28, 2006	Texas Historical Commission marker (funded by FTLOTL) commemorating White Rock dam, reservoir and park is formally dedicated and placed near the Garland Road/East Lawther Drive entrance to the park (it is later moved to a location overlooking the spillway).
March-June 2011	Official celebrations of the White Rock Lake Centennial take place.
3012-2020	The White Rock Conservancy renovates the Stone Tables picnic area.

SOURCES

Original architectural drawings and plans in the archives of the City of Dallas.

The Dallas Morning News

The Daily Dallas Times Herald and The Dallas Times Herald

Jebsen, Harry, et al. Centennial History of the Dallas, Texas Park System, 1876-1976 (Lubbock, Texas: Texas Tech University, 1976)

Payne, Darwin. Dallas: An Illustrated History (Woodland Hills, CA: Windsor Publications, 1982).

Saxon, Gerald, ed. Reminiscences: A Glimpse of Old East Dallas (Dallas: Dallas Public Library, 1993).

Switzer, David S. It's Our Dallas County: The Story of Self-Government Since 1846 (Dallas: D. S. Switzer, 1954).